【摘要】 为探明五谷丰素浸种联合微生物菌剂撒施对玉米田土壤微生物群落结构及功能基因的影响，利用宏基因组技术分析生物菌剂施用后土壤微生物群落结构、硝化功能微生物基因、碳水化合物酶(CAZy)及抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的功能注释及多样性。结果表明：五谷丰素浸种联合微生物菌剂撒施后，土壤细菌中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Fimicutes)的丰度增加，酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和Candidatus Rokubacteria的丰度下降；古菌中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)和广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的丰度分别增加26.41%和9.09%；真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)的丰度下降；芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimona)丰度降低了9.76%，芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)丰度增加0.77倍，亚硝化球菌(Nitrososphaera)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)和氨氧化古菌(Candidatus＿Nitrosocosmicus)的丰度增加20%以上；土壤微生物的多糖裂解酶(Polysaccharide Lyases,PLs)和碳水化合物绑定结构(Carbohydrate-binding modules,CBMs)的丰度增加；杆菌肽(Bacitracin)基因丰度下降，氟喹诺酮(Fluoroquinolone)、氯霉素(Chloramphenicol)、氨基糖苷(Aminoglycoside)和β-内酰胺(Beta-lactam)类ARGs的丰度增加；氨氧化微生物(AOA和AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化微生物(NOB)基因的丰度增加。PCA前两个主成分解释了98.78%的样本CAZy差异和59.33%的样本ARGs差异；NMDS和ANOSIM分析显示样本不同处理之间的CAZy和ARGs抗性基因存在差异。研究表明，五谷丰素浸种联合微生物菌剂撒施可以显著改变玉米田土壤微生物群落结构，增加硝化微生物丰度，优化土壤微生物CAZy比例，降低土壤ARGs中杆菌肽污染，改善玉米植株生长的土壤微生态环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study explored the impact of microbial agents on the structure of the microbial community and functional genes in maize farmland.The metagenomic library was used to analyze the soil microbial community structure,gene abundance of nitrifying functional microorganisms,functional annotation and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy)and antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs).The results indicated that the abundance of soil microorganisms Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Firmicutes increased after soaking the seed in Wugufengsu and combining it with microbial agents.In addition,the abundance of Acidobacteriotia,Gemmatimonadetes,Chloroflexi,and Candidatus Rokubacteria also decreased.The abundance of Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota in archaea increased by 26.41% and9.09%,and the abundance of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota in fungi decreased.As for soil microbial genus,the relative abundance of Gemmatimona decreased by 9.76%,the abundance of Bacillus increased by more than 0.77 times,and the abundances of Nitrososphaera,Nitrospira and Candidatus＿Nitrosocosmicus increased by more than 20%.Following the application of a microbial agent,the abundance of polysaccharide lyases(PLs)and carbohydrate binding modules(CBMs)increased.Furthermore,the abundance of bacitracin in ARGs genes decreased while the abundance of fluoroquinolone,chloramphenicol,aminoglycoside,beta-lactam increased.In particular,the gene abundance of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms(AOA and AOB)and nitrite oxidizing microorganisms(NOB)increased.The first two main components of PCA explained 98.78% of the class level CAZy difference and 59.33% of the sample level ARGs difference.NMDS and ANOSIM analysis results showed that there were differences in CAZy and ARGs resistance genes across treatments.In conclusion,soaking the seeds in Wugufengsu and combining them with microbial agents has the potential to significantly change the structure of soil microbial community in maize,increase the gene abundance of nitrifying functional microorganisms,optimize the proportion of soil microbial in CAZy,reduce bacitracin pollution in ARGs,and improve the micro-ecological environment of maize plant growth.更多还原